The nokia N70 torch

The Flash of the camera(dorsal side) can be converted to TORCH
Download it from HERE.
or

http://rapidshare.com/files/143944842/nokia_n70_torch.rar.html

NOKIA N 70

The Nokia N70 (Model N70-1)(2002) is one of the handsets in Nokia's Nseries lineup of smart phones.

It is equipped with a 2 megapixel camera with built-in flash, a front VGA camera to allow video calling, FM radio, Bluetooth, digital music player functionality, and support for 3D Symbian, Java games and other S60 2nd Edition software.

It uses the S60 user interface and the Symbian 8.1a operating system.

At the time of its launch, the N70 had the most built-in memory alongside its system memory and was the penultimate (before the related N72) Symbian OS 8.x device released by Nokia, since the introduction of their new OS9 platform released in 2003 which offers more flexibility than the original that was made in 1998 and upgraded from then on.

In 2006 Nokia released N70 Music Edition phone.

Feature	Specification
Form factor	Candy bar
Platform / Operating System	BB5 / Symbian OS v8.1a, S60 Platform Second Edition, Feature Pack 3
CPU	Texas Instruments OMAP 1710 (ARM architecture 926TEJ v5) - 220 MHz
Memory (RAM\Flash\MMC)	32 MB\22 MB\up to 2GB
GSM frequencies	900/1800/1900 MHz
GPRS	Yes, class 10 (4down/2up, max 5 active)
EDGE (EGPRS)	Yes, class 10
WCDMA	Yes (5240MHz)
Main screen	TFT Matrix, 262,144 colours, 176x208 pixels
Camera	Front 0.3 Megapixel, 2x digital zoom & Rear 2.0 Megapixel with LED Flash, 20x digital zoom
Video recording	Yes, CIF (max. clip length 2 h)
Multimedia Messaging	Yes
Video calls	Yes
Push to talk	Yes
Java support	Yes, MIDP 2.0
Built-in memory	22 MB
Memory card slot	Yes, RS-DV-MMC/MMC Mobile, hotswap, 2GB Maximum
Bluetooth	Yes, 2.0 (A2DP Profile Not Supported)
Infrared	No
Data cable support	Yes, Pop-Port, USB 2.0
Browser	WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML
Email	Yes
Music player	Yes, stereo w/bass from headphones
Radio	Yes
Video Player	Yes
Polyphonic tones	Yes, 64 voices
Ringtones	Yes - MIDI, AMR (NB-AMR), WAV, MP3, AAC
HF speakerphone	Yes
Offline mode	Yes
Battery	BL-5C (850 mAh)
Talk time	Up to 3 hours 30 minutes
Standby time	Up to 265 hours
Weight	126 grams
Dimensions	616,78x103.64x300.5 millimeters
SAR-Rating	0.5 W/kg
Availability	Q3/2005
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Current state of tigers

India holds over half the world's tiger population. According to the latest tiger census report released on February 12, 2008 by the National Tiger Conservation Authority, the current tiger population stands at 1,411 (i.e. ranging between a minimum of 1,165 to a maximum of 1,657). The results include figures from 16 tiger states and are exclusive of Jharkhand and Sunderbans. The state of West Bengal was covered only partially (i.e. North Bengal) during the census.

The Tiger Census 2008 report has classified the tiger occupied forests in India into 6 landscape complexes; namely (a) Shivalik-Gangetic Plains, (b) Central Indian Landscape Complex (c) Eastern Ghats, (d) Western Ghats, (e) North-Eastern Hills and Bhramaputra Plains, and (f) Sunderbans.

Within the Shivalik-Gangetic plain landscape, it is reported that the tiger occupies 5080 km2 of forested habitats with an estimated population size of 297 (259 to 335) in six separate populations. In the Central Indian Landscape, tiger presence is currently reported from 47,122 km2 (11.6 % of forests) with an estimated tiger population of 451 (347 to 564) distributed in 17 populations.The Eastern Ghat landscape complex currently has about 15,000 km2 of potential tiger habitat. Tigers occupy 7,772 km2 of forested habitats with an estimated population size of 53 (49 to 57). Currently tigers occupy 21,435 km2 of forests within the Western Ghat Landscape comprising 21% of the forested area. The current potential tiger habitat in the landscape complex is about 51,000 km2. The population estimate for this landscape was 366 (297-434) tigers. North-Eastern hills and Bhramaputra plains currently reported tiger occupancy in 4230 km2 of forests. Many of the tiger populations, particularly those outside protected reserves, are fragmented, suffer from intense poaching pressure, a dwindling prey base and over-used habitat.

The strategy for tiger conservation in India revolves around the National Tiger Conservation Authority and the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Between the mid 1970's and mid-1980's, many protected areas (66 national parks and 421 wildlife sanctuaries) were set aside, including large tracts of tiger habitat. They were later increased to 96 national parks, 510 wildlife sanctuaries and 3 conservation reserves and 2 community reserves. This resulted in an increase in tiger densities at many locations. Tragically, these conservation successes were short lived. Rampant poaching for the trade in tiger parts - all destined for markets outside India's borders - now threatens the tiger's very existence.

Prevailing conservation efforts are not geared towards, nor have they adequately addressed, the new threats with new protection strategies ie. better law enforcement, training and support. Excellent new tiger protection measures (such as the recommendations of the (Subramanian Committee for the Prevention of Illegal Trade in Wildlife, 1994 and Tiger Task Force, 2005) have been proposed but not implemented and little effective action has been taken in the field. Few of the tiger reserves have an established intelligence network and nearly 80% of our tiger reserves do not have an armed strike force or basic infrastructure and equipment to combat poaching. The forest guards are often out-gunned and out-manned by poachers. In December 1998, three forest staff were murdered in Manas Tiger Reserve and several cases of murder and serious assault on forest guards have been reported since.

The last meeting of the National Board of Wildlife was held on 01 November 2007. Large development projects, such as mining and hydroelectric dams, are also taking their toll on the tiger's habitat. In the past ten years, thousands of square kilometers of forest land have been diverted and destroyed to facilitate such projects. Though mostly outside the protected network, the loss of this vital habitat will have serious repercussions on tiger conservation in India.

Since 1994, WPSI has made a concerted effort to gather accurate information on tiger poaching occurring throughout India. A total of 832 tigers are known to have been killed from 1994 to 2007. WPSIs extensive database of tigers poached has detailed information on poaching figures collected by us. These figures, however, are reported cases and represent only a fraction of the actual poaching activity in India.

Recent undercover investigations by the Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI) and the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) revealed that the trade in tiger and leopard body parts in China continues to thrive, operating without any hindrance from the Chinese government whilst driving India’s wild tigers closer towards extinction. (For more information, please refer to  Status of Tiger and Leopard   ,  Skinning The Cat (5mb) download video (5mb) requires Real Player)

Despite all these problems, India still holds the best chance for saving the tiger in the wild. Tigers occur in 17 States within the Republic of India, with 5 States reportedly having populations in excess of 100 tigers. There are still areas with relatively large tiger populations and extensive tracts of protected habitat. Adequate funding and international pressure will help. But probably the most effective way to implement tiger conservation action in India today is to enhance NGO participation. There are a number of dedicated organisations that are effectively involved in hands-on tiger conservation. They keep the issue energized on a national level and tenaciously try to increase political will to secure the tiger's future. The Indian conservation and scientific community is now a proven force. It needs to be strengthened.

Java Programms for USers ::::page 5

String Utility

/*
 * NumberUtility.java
 *
 *  Source:  http://www.freejavaguide.com  
 */

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols;
import java.util.Locale;

/**
 * Class provides common functions on number formats.
 */

public class NumberUtility {
 
    /**
     * Method takes Object as parameter and returns decimal number.
     * if argument is float or double and contains tailing zeros
     * it removes them. If argument is float or double then no change in return type.
     * Change the Format of the Number by changing the String Pattern
     */
    public static String changeToDecimalFormat(Object number) {

        BigDecimal bdNumber = new BigDecimal(number.toString());
        bdNumber = bdNumber.stripTrailingZeros();           //Returns a BigDecimal with any trailing zero's removed
        String pattern = "###,##0.0###########";  //To apply formatting when the number of digits in input equals the pattern
        DecimalFormat newFormat = new DecimalFormat(pattern, new DecimalFormatSymbols(Locale.US));
        return newFormat.format(bdNumber);

    }

    /* Method takes Object as parameter and removes commas from the parameter */
    public static double removeCommasFromNumber(Object number) {
        try {
            StringBuffer inputNo = new StringBuffer(number.toString());
            if (inputNo.length() > 0) {
                while (inputNo.indexOf(",") != -1) {
                    inputNo.deleteCharAt(inputNo.indexOf(","));
                }
            } else {
                return 0.0;
            }
            return Double.parseDouble(inputNo.toString());

        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            return 0.0;
        }
    }

    /* Some times its required to have a fixed set of decimal places for a 
     * number. We can set that by changing the precision number for a particular
     * input BigDecimal Input String
     */
    public static String changeToRequiredDecimals(String bigDecimalString,
            int precision) {
        String newFormattedString = null;
        String afterDecimal = null;
        if (bigDecimalString == null || bigDecimalString.length() == 0) {
            return "0.0";
        }
        if (bigDecimalString.contains(".")) {
            afterDecimal = bigDecimalString.substring(bigDecimalString
                    .indexOf(".") + 1);
            int length = Math.abs((afterDecimal.length() - precision));
            if (afterDecimal.length() < precision) {
                newFormattedString = bigDecimalString;
                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                    newFormattedString = newFormattedString + "0";
                }
            } else if (afterDecimal.length() > precision) {
                newFormattedString = bigDecimalString.substring(0,
                        bigDecimalString.length() - length);
                if (precision == 0) {
                    newFormattedString = newFormattedString.substring(0,
                            newFormattedString.indexOf("."));
             } else {
                 newFormattedString = bigDecimalString;
             }

         } else {
              if (precision > 0)
                  newFormattedString = bigDecimalString + ".";
              else
                  newFormattedString = bigDecimalString;
              for (int i = 0; i < precision; i++) {
                  newFormattedString = newFormattedString + "0";
              }
         }
        }
        return newFormattedString;
    }

    public static void main(String args[]){
     int intVar = 10;
     double doubleVar = 10.504000;
     float floatVar = 343534534348.5687654F;
     String commaString = "343,534,535,000.0";
     BigDecimal bdNumber = new BigDecimal("1234.8765");
     
     
     System.out.println(NumberUtility.changeToDecimalFormat(new Integer(intVar)));
     System.out.println(NumberUtility.changeToDecimalFormat(new Double(doubleVar)));
     System.out.println(NumberUtility.changeToDecimalFormat(new Float(floatVar)));
     
     System.out.println(NumberUtility.removeCommasFromNumber(commaString));
     
     System.out.println(NumberUtility.changeToRequiredDecimals(bdNumber.toString(), 8));
 
    }
}

Java Programms for USers ::::page 4

Date and Time

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
public class DateUtility {
 
/* Add Day/Month/Year to a Date
add() is used to add  values to a Calendar object. 
You specify which Calendar field is to be affected by the operation 
(Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.DATE). 
*/
 public static void addToDate(){
  System.out.println("In the ADD Operation");
 // String DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";
  String DATE_FORMAT = "dd-MM-yyyy";  //Refer Java DOCS for formats
  java.text.SimpleDateFormat sdf =  new java.text.SimpleDateFormat(DATE_FORMAT);
  Calendar c1 = Calendar.getInstance();
  Date d1 = new Date();
  System.out.println("Todays date in Calendar Format : "+c1);
  System.out.println("c1.getTime() : "+c1.getTime());
  System.out.println("c1.get(Calendar.YEAR): " + c1.get(Calendar.YEAR));
  System.out.println("Todays date in Date Format : "+d1);
  c1.set(1999,0 ,20);   //(year,month,date)
  System.out.println("c1.set(1999,0 ,20) : "+c1.getTime());
  c1.add(Calendar.DATE,40);
  System.out.println("Date + 20 days is : " + sdf.format(c1.getTime()));
  System.out.println();
  System.out.println();
 }
 
 
/*Substract Day/Month/Year to a Date
 roll() is used to substract values to a Calendar object. 
 You specify which Calendar field is to be affected by the operation 
 (Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.DATE). 
 
 Note: To substract, simply use a negative argument. 
    roll() does the same thing except you specify if you want to roll up (add 1) 
    or roll down (substract 1) to the specified Calendar field. The operation only
    affects the specified field while add() adjusts other Calendar fields. 
    See the following example, roll() makes january rolls to december in the same 
    year while add() substract the YEAR field for the correct result

*/
 
 public static void subToDate(){
  System.out.println("In the SUB Operation");
  String DATE_FORMAT = "dd-MM-yyyy";
  java.text.SimpleDateFormat sdf = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat(DATE_FORMAT);
  Calendar c1 = Calendar.getInstance(); 
  c1.set(1999, 0 , 20); 
  System.out.println("Date is : " + sdf.format(c1.getTime()));
  
  // roll down, substract 1 month
  c1.roll(Calendar.MONTH, false); 
  System.out.println("Date roll down 1 month : " + sdf.format(c1.getTime())); 

  c1.set(1999, 0 , 20); 
  System.out.println("Date is : " + sdf.format(c1.getTime()));
  c1.add(Calendar.MONTH, -1); 
  // substract 1 month
  System.out.println("Date minus 1 month : " + sdf.format(c1.getTime())); 
  System.out.println();
  System.out.println();
 }
 
 public static void daysBetween2Dates(){
  Calendar c1 = Calendar.getInstance();  //new GregorianCalendar();
  Calendar c2 = Calendar.getInstance();  //new GregorianCalendar();
     c1.set(1999, 0 , 20); 
     c2.set(1999, 0 , 22); 
     System.out.println("Days Between "+c1.getTime()+"\t"+ c2.getTime()+" is");
     System.out.println((c2.getTime().getTime() - c1.getTime().getTime())/(24*3600*1000));
     System.out.println();
  System.out.println();
 }
 
 public static void daysInMonth() {
  Calendar c1 = Calendar.getInstance();  //new GregorianCalendar();
     c1.set(1999, 6 , 20); 
     int year = c1.get(Calendar.YEAR);
     int month = c1.get(Calendar.MONTH);
//     int days = c1.get(Calendar.DATE);
  int [] daysInMonths = {31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
  daysInMonths[1] += DateUtility.isLeapYear(year) ? 1 : 0;
  System.out.println("Days in "+month+"th month for year "+year+" is "+ daysInMonths[c1.get(Calendar.MONTH)]);
     System.out.println();
  System.out.println();
 }
 
 public static void getDayofTheDate() {
  Date d1 = new Date();
  String day = null;
     DateFormat f = new SimpleDateFormat("EEEE");
     try {
      day = f.format(d1);
     }
     catch(Exception e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
     System.out.println("The dat for "+d1+" is "+day);
     System.out.println();
  System.out.println();
 }
 
 public static void validateAGivenDate() {
  String dt = "20011223";   
  String invalidDt = "20031315";
  String dateformat = "yyyyMMdd";   
  Date dt1=null , dt2=null;
  try {     
   SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(dateformat);    
   sdf.setLenient(false);    
   dt1 = sdf.parse(dt);  
   dt2 = sdf.parse(invalidDt);   
   System.out.println("Date is ok = " + dt1 + "(" + dt + ")");     
  }  
  catch (ParseException e) {     
   System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
  }  
  catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {    
   System.out.println("Invalid date");     
  }
     System.out.println();
  System.out.println();
 }
 
 public static void compare2Dates(){
  SimpleDateFormat fm = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy");
  Calendar c1 = Calendar.getInstance();
  Calendar c2 = Calendar.getInstance();
  
  c1.set(2000, 02, 15);
  c2.set(2001, 02, 15);
  
  System.out.print(fm.format(c1.getTime())+" is ");
  if(c1.before(c2)){
   System.out.println("less than "+c2.getTime());
  }else if(c1.after(c2)){
   System.out.println("greater than "+c2.getTime());
  }else if(c1.equals(c2)){
   System.out.println("is equal to "+fm.format(c2.getTime()));
  }
  System.out.println();
  System.out.println();
 }

 public static boolean isLeapYear(int year){
   if((year%100 != 0) || (year%400 == 0)){
    return true;
   }
   return false;
 }

 public static void main(String args[]){
  addToDate();
  subToDate();
  daysBetween2Dates(); //The "right" way would be to compute the julian day number of both dates and then do the substraction.  daysInMonth();
  validateAGivenDate();
  compare2Dates();
  getDayofTheDate();
 }
 
}

Java Programms for USers ::::page 3

Program 20
/* switch case demo
   Example :
           Input - 124
           Output - One Two Four */

class SwitchCaseDemo{
      public static void main(String args[]){
          try{
          int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
          int n = num; //used at last time check
          int reverse=0,remainder;
          while(num > 0){
                remainder = num % 10;
                reverse = reverse * 10 + remainder;
                num = num / 10;
           }
          String result=""; //contains the actual output
          while(reverse > 0){
               remainder = reverse % 10;
               reverse = reverse / 10;
               switch(remainder){
                    case 0 :
                             result = result + "Zero ";
                             break;
                    case 1 :
                             result = result + "One ";
                             break;
                    case 2 :
                             result = result + "Two ";
                             break;
                    case 3 :
                             result = result + "Three ";
                             break;
                    case 4 :
                             result = result + "Four ";
                             break;
                    case 5 :
                             result = result + "Five ";
                             break;
                    case 6 :
                             result = result + "Six ";
                             break;
                    case 7 :
                             result = result + "Seven ";
                             break;
                    case 8 :
                             result = result + "Eight ";
                             break;
                    case 9 :
                             result = result + "Nine ";
                             break;
                    default:
                             result="";
                 }
            }
                System.out.println(result);
        }catch(Exception e){
             System.out.println("Invalid Number Format");
         }
     }
}

---

Program 21
/* Write a program to generate Harmonic Series.
   Example :
           Input - 5
           Output - 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 = 2.28 (Approximately) */
class HarmonicSeries{
      public static void main(String args[]){
      int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
      double result = 0.0;
      while(num > 0){
            result = result + (double) 1 / num;
            num--;
      }
      System.out.println("Output of Harmonic Series is "+result);
  }
}

---

Program 22
/*Write a program to find average of consecutive N Odd no. and Even no. */
class EvenOdd_Avg{
      public static void main(String args[]){
      int n = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
      int cntEven=0,cntOdd=0,sumEven=0,sumOdd=0;
      while(n > 0){
           if(n%2==0){
               cntEven++;
               sumEven = sumEven + n;
           }
           else{
               cntOdd++;
               sumOdd = sumOdd + n;
           }
           n--;
      }
      int evenAvg,oddAvg;
      evenAvg = sumEven/cntEven;
      oddAvg = sumOdd/cntOdd;
      System.out.println("Average of first N Even no is "+evenAvg);
      System.out.println("Average of first N Odd no is "+oddAvg);

  }
}

---

Program 23
/* Display Triangle as follow : BREAK DEMO.
    1
    2 3
    4 5 6
    7 8 9 10 ... N */
class Output1{
      public static void main(String args[]){
          int c=0;
          int n = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
         loop1: for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
         loop2: for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){
                       if(c!=n){
                            c++;
                            System.out.print(c+" ");
                       }
                       else
                           break loop1;
                    }
                    System.out.print("\n");
                 }
     }
}

---

Program 24
/* Display Triangle as follow
    0
    1 0
    1 0 1
    0 1 0 1 */
class Output2{
      public static void main(String args[]){
           for(int i=1;i<=4;i++){
              for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){
                            System.out.print(((i+j)%2)+" ");
                    }
                    System.out.print("\n");
                 }
     }
}      

---

Program 25
/* Display Triangle as follow
    1
    2 4
    3 6 9
    4 8 12 16 ... N (indicates no. of Rows) */
class Output3{
      public static void main(String args[]){
          int n = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
                   for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
                     for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){
                        System.out.print((i*j)+" ");
                    }
                    System.out.print("\n");
                 }
     }

}

Java Programms for USers ::::page 2

Program 11

/* Write a program to Concatenate  string using for Loop

   Example:
          Input - 5
          Output - 1 2 3 4 5 */
class Join{
      public static void main(String args[]){
      int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
      String result = " ";
      for(int i=1;i<=num;i++){
           result = result + i + " ";
      }
      System.out.println(result);
  }
}

---

Program 12
/* Program to Display Multiplication Table */
class MultiplicationTable{
      public static void main(String args[]){
      int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
      System.out.println("*****MULTIPLICATION TABLE*****");
      for(int i=1;i<=num;i++){
         for(int j=1;j<=num;j++){
            System.out.print(" "+i*j+" ");
         }
         System.out.print("\n");
      }
  }
}

---

Program 13
/* Write a program to Swap the values */
class Swap{
      public static void main(String args[]){
      int num1 = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
      int num2 = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
      System.out.println("\n***Before Swapping***");
      System.out.println("Number 1 : "+num1);
      System.out.println("Number 2 : "+num2);
      //Swap logic
      num1 = num1 + num2;
      num2 = num1 - num2;
      num1 = num1 - num2;
      System.out.println("\n***After Swapping***");
      System.out.println("Number 1 : "+num1);
      System.out.println("Number 2 : "+num2);
      }
}

---

Program 14
/* Write a program to convert given no. of days into months and days.
  (Assume that each month is of 30 days)
  Example :
           Input - 69
           Output - 69 days = 2 Month and 9 days */
class DayMonthDemo{
      public static void main(String args[]){
      int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
      int days = num%30;
      int month = num/30;
      System.out.println(num+" days = "+month+" Month and "+days+" days");
   }
}

---

Program 15
/*Write a program to generate a Triangle.
  eg:
  1
  2 2
  3 3 3
  4 4 4 4 and so on as per user given number */
class Triangle{
      public static void main(String args[]){
          int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
          for(int i=1;i<=num;i++){
             for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){
                System.out.print(" "+i+" ");
             }
             System.out.print("\n");
           }
    }
}

---

Program 16
/* Write a program to Display Invert Triangle.
   Example:
          Input - 5
          Output :
          5 5 5 5 5
          4 4 4 4
          3 3 3
          2 2
          1
*/
class InvertTriangle{
      public static void main(String args[]){
           int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
           while(num > 0){
              for(int j=1;j<=num;j++){
                  System.out.print(" "+num+" ");
                }
                System.out.print("\n");
                num--;
            }
      }
}

---

Program 17
/*Write a program to find whether given no. is Armstrong or not.
  Example :
           Input - 153
           Output - 1^3 + 5^3 + 3^3 = 153, so it is Armstrong no. */
class Armstrong{
      public static void main(String args[]){
      int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
      int n = num; //use to check at last time
      int check=0,remainder;
      while(num > 0){
           remainder = num % 10;
           check = check + (int)Math.pow(remainder,3);
           num = num / 10;
      }
      if(check == n)
            System.out.println(n+" is an Armstrong Number");
      else
            System.out.println(n+" is not a Armstrong Number");
   }
}

---

Program 18
/* Write a program to Find whether number is Prime or Not. */
class PrimeNo{
      public static void main(String args[]){
          int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
         int flag=0;
         for(int i=2;i
             if(num%i==0)
              {
                 System.out.println(num+" is not a Prime Number");
                 flag = 1;
                 break;
              }
         }
         if(flag==0)
             System.out.println(num+" is a Prime Number");
    }
}

---

Program 19
/* Write a program to find whether no. is palindrome or not.
   Example :
           Input - 12521 is a palindrome no.
           Input - 12345 is not a palindrome no. */
class Palindrome{
      public static void main(String args[]){
          int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
          int n = num; //used at last time check
          int reverse=0,remainder;
          while(num > 0){
                remainder = num % 10;
                reverse = reverse * 10 + remainder;
                num = num / 10;
           }
          if(reverse == n)
              System.out.println(n+" is a Palindrome Number");
          else
              System.out.println(n+" is not a Palindrome Number");
     }
}

Java Programms for USers ::::page 1

Program 1
//Find Maximum of 2 nos.
class Maxof2{
  public static void main(String args[]){
      //taking value as command line argument.
      //Converting String format to Integer value
      int i = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
      int j = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
      if(i > j)
          System.out.println(i+" is greater than "+j);
      else
          System.out.println(j+" is greater than "+i);
  }
}

---

Program 2
//Find Minimum of 2 nos. using conditional operator
class Minof2{
      public static void main(String args[]){
      //taking value as command line argument.
      //Converting String format to Integer value
      int i = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
      int j = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
      int result = (i
      System.out.println(result+" is a minimum value");
  }
}

---

Program 3
/* Write a program that will read a float type value from the   keyboard and print the following output.
   ->Small Integer not less than the number.
   ->Given Number.
   ->Largest Integer not greater than the number.
*/
class ValueFormat{
  public static void main(String args[]){
      double i = 34.32; //given number 
      System.out.println("Small Integer not greater than the number : "+Math.ceil(i));
      System.out.println("Given Number : "+i);
      System.out.println("Largest Integer not greater than the number : "+Math.floor(i));
  }

---

Program 4
/*Write a program to generate 5 Random nos. between 1 to 100, and it
  should not follow with decimal point.
*/
class RandomDemo{
      public static void main(String args[]){
          for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){
              System.out.println((int)(Math.random()*100));
          }
    }
}

---

Program 5
/* Write a program to display a greet message according to
   Marks obtained by student.
*/
class SwitchDemo{
      public static void main(String args[]){
          int marks = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);                //take marks as command line argument.
         switch(marks/10){
            case 10:
            case 9:
            case 8:
                     System.out.println("Excellent");
                     break;
            case 7:
                     System.out.println("Very Good");
                     break;
            case 6:
                     System.out.println("Good");
                     break;
            case 5:
                     System.out.println("Work Hard");
                     break;
            case 4:
                     System.out.println("Poor");
                     break;
            case 3:
            case 2:
            case 1:
            case 0:
                     System.out.println("Very Poor");
                     break;
            default:
                     System.out.println("Invalid value Entered");
      }
 }
}

---

Program 6
/*Write a program to find SUM AND PRODUCT of a given Digit. */
class Sum_Product_ofDigit{
      public static void main(String args[]){
            int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);         //taking value as command line argument.
            int temp = num,result=0;
            //Logic for sum of digit
            while(temp>0){
               result = result + temp;
               temp--;
            }
            System.out.println("Sum of Digit for "+num+" is : "+result);
            //Logic for product of digit
            temp = num;
            result = 1;
            while(temp > 0){
                 result = result * temp;
                 temp--;
            }
            System.out.println("Product of Digit for "+num+" is : "+result);
   }
}

---

Program 7
/*Write a program to Find Factorial of Given no. */
class Factorial{
      public static void main(String args[]){
          int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);                 //take argument as command line
          int result = 1;
          while(num>0){
                result = result * num;
                num--;
          }
          System.out.println("Factorial of Given no. is : "+result);
   }
}

---

Program 8
/*Write a program to Reverse a given no. */
class Reverse{
      public static void main(String args[]){
          int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);               //take argument as command line
          int remainder, result=0;
          while(num>0){
              remainder = num%10;
              result = result * 10 + remainder;
              num = num/10;
         }
         System.out.println("Reverse number is : "+result);
    }
}

---

Program 9
/*Write a program to find Fibonacci series of a given no.
  Example :
        Input - 8
        Output - 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21
*/
class Fibonacci{
      public static void main(String args[]){
          int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);                        //taking no. as command line argument.
          System.out.println("*****Fibonacci Series*****");
          int f1, f2=0, f3=1;
          for(int i=1;i<=num;i++){
             System.out.print(" "+f3+" ");
             f1 = f2;
             f2 = f3;
             f3 = f1 + f2;
          }
   }
}

---

Program 10
/* Write a program to find sum of all integers greater than 100 and
   less than 200 that are divisible by 7 */
class SumOfDigit{
      public static void main(String args[]){
      int result=0;
      for(int i=100;i<=200;i++){
           if(i%7==0)
              result+=i;
      }
      System.out.println("Output of Program is : "+result);
   }
}

FEAR EXAM IS HERE(ACTUALLY NO FEAR)

Ohhh!!!!!!!!!! when you remeber its exams time and you have a lot of things on mind
what do you do:-

Since the final is approaching, all of the students try their best to prepare for the final exams. In my opinion, mastering a good method of revision can make your study more efficient and effective. Here are some useful tips and I hope it can help you in the last two weeks of this semester.

1. Be good at Time Management and set SMART goals.
To begin with, making a good review schedule can do you a big favor: Divide your available time into different parts according to the importance and emergency of your classes. Set specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely goals and do your best to acheive them, you will find it easy to manage the limited time properly.


2. Find a good PLACE to study.
 According to the scientific research, the studying environment plays a very important role in improving learning efficiency and effectivity. As a result, we should find some good places for the revision. The libraries are the first choice for most students and the libraries will open 24 hours in the final week.Besides library, a breakout room is another place that I strongly recommand you. In the breakout room, not only can I have a quiet study environment when I study individually, but also I can study with my friends and discuss some questions without disturbing others.   


3. Go to the Office Hour for Help
During the process of revision, you may find some difficuties and problems that you can not understand it by yourself. The best way to solve it is to go your professors and TA 's office hour for help.They may also tell you what are other students' questions and which part is the most importanct for the final.


These are the three most important tips to prepare for the fianl exams. Good Luck!

Tips for Effective Study

The most common barrier to success encountered by college students is a lack of effective techniques for study and exam preparation. If you are one of the vast majority of students whose answer to the question, "How do you study for your tests?" is, "I go over my notes," then you need to take a serious look at your study skills. Here are some suggestions to increase your effectiveness as a student.

I.Day to Day

A.Take good notes. Very few students leave high school with this skill. College of DuPage's Learning Lab can help you here. Some suggestions and observations.

1.

Always take the notes for a particular class in the same notebook. Spiral bound notebooks were invented because they solved the problem of keeping related information consolidated in one place. Take advantage of this.

2.

Date each entry into your notebook.

3.

It is usually best to keep the notes for different classes separate from each other. Spiral notebooks with built in dividers are excellent for this purpose.

4.

Your notes should contain as complete a record of what the instructor said as possible. Of course, you should not try to write every word spoken, but don't leave out ideas. When you study, your notes should call back to your mind the entire sequence of ideas presented. Take care to spell all new words carefully. It you don't know how to spell a word, ask your instructor to write it on the board. Most will automatically do so for new or difficult terms.

5.

Anything the instructor writes on the board should appear in your notes. If the instructor took the time to write it out, he or she considers it important. You should do the same.

6.

If possible, try to take your notes in some kind of outline form. The organization of ideas is as important as the content of those ideas, especially when it comes to learning the material for an exam.

7.

You might find it useful to have a second color of pen or pencil available for highlighting important ideas or indicating vocabulary.

B.

Be involved in your classes. Don't simply pretend you are a sponge, ready to soak up whatever the instructor says. You are there to learn, not to be taught.

1.

If the instructor is moving too rapidly for you, or if you don't understand what is being said, say something!

2.

Ask questions if you are confused. Confusion is definitely your worst enemy.

3.

If your class includes group activities, participate as fully as you can. Such exercises are done for your benefit, not to provide a break for the instructor.

C.

Review your notes every day. This suggestion is one which we have all heard a thousand times. Unfortunately, most of us never really believe it until we actually try it. Spend 30 minutes or so each evening going over the notes from each class. There are at least two tremendous benefits to be gained from this discipline.

1.

Research has shown that reviewing new material within 24 hours of hearing it increases your retention of that material by about 60%. This means that you will be 60% ahead of the game the next time you walk into class. If you want to significantly reduce the time necessary to prepare for exams, this is the way to do it.

2.

Reviewing material before the next class period enables you to identify points of confusion or omission in your notes, which prepares you to ask the questions you need to ask before the next lecture. Again, confusion is your worst enemy.

D.

It is excellent policy to give high priority to new vocabulary. Language is the most fundamental tool of any subject, and it can seriously handicap you to fall behind in this.

E.

Keep up on your reading. Unlike most high school teachers, many college instructors don't give specific reading assignments. You are expected to go to your text for the reading related to the materials covered in class. Be independent enough to do this without being told.

II.

Using Your Textbook

A.

Don't expect your instructor to give you detailed, page by page textbook assignments. While some may do so, many do not. College teachers are much more likely to expect you to use your own initiative in making use of the text.

B.

In most cases, it will be most useful for you to at least skim the relevant chapters before each lecture. You should receive a course outline/syllabus at the beginning of the quarter, which will tell you the subject for each day. You may receive chapter references (or even page references), or you instructor may expect you to be perceptive enough to refer to the Table of Contents.

1.

When you first approach a chapter, page through it fairly quickly, noting boldface headings and subheadings, examining figures, illustrations, charts, etc., and thinking about any highlighted vocabulary terms and concepts. Also take note of the pedagogical aids at the end of the chapter--study questions, summary, etc.

2.

When you have finished surveying the chapter, return to the beginning and read in more detail. Remember to concentrate upon understanding. Don't simply read through the words. Any words which you don't understand you should look up. If you own the book and intend to keep it, you may want to write definitions of such words in the margins. You may also find it helpful to make observations and other useful notes in the margins. If you don't intend to keep the book yourself, you should carry out similar activities on a page in your class notebook.

3.

On this first trip through the chapter, you should concentrate upon catching the major subjects and points of the material. Also take note of those things which you don't understand. If the lecture on the material doesn't clarify those points, you should ask your instructor to explain.

C.

Following coverage of the chapter's material in class, you should go back to the book and read it again. It will probably be helpful to skim through it first, as you did when you first looked at it. The tables and figures should be more readily read in detail. If you are a truly conscientious student, you will outline the chapter and prepare a vocabulary list of the terms which are pertinent.

D.

At this time you should think seriously about the review and study questions at the end of the chapter. Do your best to answer all fo them as if they were a take-home exam.

E.

You may also want to develop a system of cross referencing symbols to use when comparing your class notes to your notes from the text.

F.

Remember that your instructor will probably not use the same words which you find in the text book. nothing is more frustrating than to discover that what you hear in class is no more than a rehash of what you read in the book. However, if your instructor knows his/her subject, and the author of your text knows his/her subject, the meat of what they say should be the same. NOTE: Nobody is infallible. Your instructor may make mistakes. Don't expect him or her to be more than human.

III.

Preparing Assignments

A.

Here's another thing we have all been told thousands of times: Don't leave assignments until the day before they are due! If you have a paper to write or a lab report to prepare, begin it as soon as possible. In most cases, instructors will be delighted to receive work early. Remember that many papers or projects require quite a bit of research before you can even begin writing. In most cases, it is impossible to accomplish the necessary preparation in one day or even one week. In some cases, instructors won't accept late work at all. They are perfectly justified.

B.

Another sore point: Be aware of the appearance of the work you submit. You should want to be proud of every assignment you submit, and that includes being proud of its appearance. If possible, assignments should always be typed. Never turn in an assignment written in pencil. Pages torn out of notebooks are sloppy and unsightly. Think about this point every time you hand an instructor an assignment. That paper represents the quality of your work, and your instructor is perfectly justified in taking its appearance into consideration when assigning a grade.

C.

An increasing number of instructors are requiring that all outside work be typed. If you don't type, you should consider learning how. If you don't want to do this, you should begin investigating ways and means of getting someone else to type your papers. This will often mean paying a professional typist. Costs vary, but be prepared to pay a considerable amount. A really good typist may be able to turn out 6-10 pages an hour. Think about what you consider an appropriate hourly wage when you consider how much you should expect to pay a typist. Another point you must consider is that it will add to the time necessary to prepare a paper it you have to go to someone else to type it. In planning the time necessary for typing, consider the following points:

1.

Your typist may have other customers who are just as anxious as you are.

2.

A paper takes time to type.

3.

Even the best typist makes mistakes. your paper must be carefully proofread by you.

4.

After proofreading, the typist must have time to make the necessary corrections.

IV.

Preparing for Exams

A.

Keep in mind that you want to be an active learner, not a passive one. The more you use and manipulate the information, the better you will understand it. Using and manipulating information in as many ways as possible also maximizes your ability to access your memory.

B.

Do not wait until the night before an exam to study! Of course, you should be regularly reviewing your notes, but the preparation still takes time.

C.

If your instructor hasn't explained to you how he or she designs exams, ask. this is a perfectly legitimate concern. However, keep in mind that an instructor has the right to design exams in whatever fashion he or she sees fit, and in most cases you have no business asking for changes in that design. You need to learn to handle all testing styles--including the dreaded essay exam!

D.

A good first step in preparation is to read through your notes a couple of times. While you are doing this, you might also

1.

Highlight major topics and subtopics, with the goal of generating an outline of your notes. Even if you take your notes in outline form, this is a good practice. Major topics often extend through more than one day's lecture, and it is easy to lose track of the overall picture from day to day.

2.

With a second color, highlight all vocabulary terms.

E.

Outline the entire set of notes. When you study a large body of information, you should study from concept to detail, not the other way around. It will, in fact, be much easier to learn the details if you take the time to learn the concept and theory first. The least efficient approach to studying is to attempt to memorize your notes from beginning to end. It's not the words which are important--it's the ideas.

F.

Consider ways of dealing with the information other than those used in class. the more ways you can manipulate and experience the material you are trying to learn, the more secure your understanding and memory will be. Some suggestions:

1.

Make charts, diagrams and graphs.

2.

Make lists.

3.

If the subject matter includes structures, practice drawing those structures. Remember that a drawing is useless unless the important structures are labeled.

G.

There are almost always types of information which you will have to memorize (eg. vocabulary). No one has ever invented a better device for memorizing than flash cards.

H.

One of the most universally effective ways to polish off your study activities is to prepare a self test.

1.

Challenge yourself as severely as you can.

2.

As you are studying, keep a running collection of "exam questions." If you seriously attempt to write difficult and meaningful questions, by the time you finish you will have created a formidable exam. When you begin to feel you're ready for your instructor's exam, take out your questions and see if you can answer them. If you can't, you may need to go back and reinforce some of the things your are trying to learn.

I.

Never, ever pull an "All-Nighter" on the night before an exam. This is a "freshman trick," meaning that good students learn very quickly that it is futile. What you may gain from extra study time won't compensate for the loss of alertness and ability to concentrate due to lack of sleep.

J.

On exam day:

1.

Try not to "cram" during every spare moment before an exam. this only increases the feeling of desperation which leads to panic, and then to test anxiety. You may find it useful, on the night before an exam, to jot down a few ideas or facts which you wish to have fresh in your mind when you begin the exam. Read through your list a couple of times when you get up in the morning and/or just before you take the exam, then put it away. This kind of memory reinforcement not only improves your performance on the test, it also improves your long-term memory of the material.

2.

Be physically prepared.

a.

Get a good night's sleep.

b.

Bring necessary writing materials to the test--at least 2 writing tools, erasers, blue books if necessary, calculators if appropriate and allowed. Be aware of what the instructor has specified as permitted for use. Some instructors object to exams written pencil; some prohibit use of tools like calculators. It is your responsibility to know these requirements; you should be prepared to take the consequences if you don't.

c.

This may seem silly, but go to the bathroom just before the exam. Don't expect your teacher to let you leave to do this during the test! The tension which generally goes along with taking an exam may increase the need to perform this physical activity, so you may need to go, even though you don't particularly feel like it.

V.

Some Final Suggestions

A.

You should receive a syllabus for each class. This is the Rule Book for that class (in my classes, we call it the Survival Manual). Know everything on that syllabus! Your teacher has the right to expect you to know and abide by any rules and stipulations on that document, and it is perfectly within his/her rights to penalize you for failing to do so. Respect dates and deadlines, and expect to lose points if you turn things in late.

B.

Never miss an exam if you can help it. You will rarely be more ready for the exam in two or three days than you are on the scheduled date, and the annoyance the teacher will feel about having to arrange a special exam time for you can actually hurt your grade in the end. Miss exams only if you absolutely have to.

C.

Save everything. Never throw away a handout or a returned assignment or exam. With this in mind, equip yourself with a pouched folder for each class.

D.

Develop systematic behavior patterns associated with your schoolwork.

1.

Keep your class materials together and neat.

2.

Never allow yourself to be caught at school without the necessary notebooks and materials. If you develop systematic habits with respect to attending classes, etc., this will be no problem.

E.

It is excellent practice to set aside a study area at home, and to designate a particular span of time each day as study time. However, don't fall into the trap of feeling that study should never exceed the preordained time limits. You put in as much study time as is necessary to master the material for your classes.

*If you are looking for specific answers for a STANDARDIZED TEST, there is a special category for that, and each test will have an OFFICIAL WEBSITE with study tips and help*

Before the Test: Try to guess what type of material will be on the test. To do this, pay attention to any study guides the teacher gives out. Take note of anything the teacher seems to emphasizing particularly. Make up possible questions based on this information. Then see if you can answer those questions. Study every day, not just the night before the test! Instead of cramming, be sure to get enough sleep that night, and eat a healthy breakfast to give you energy. Relax before the test - do some deep breathing and stretching exercises. 
During the Test: read everything carefully! Be sure you understand what is being asked - raise your hand and ask the teacher if you do not understand what any question is asking. If you really have no idea about a question, then skip that one and try again later if you have time. Here are some specific tips for different tests.

• Multiple Choice - first read all the choices for the question. There are usually one or two that are obviously wrong - cross out any answer(s) that you are sure will not be the answer. You will be more likely to get the question right now, even if you have to guess. Think about each answer carefully - some might be worded in "tricky" ways so that they sound correct at first, but are wrong once you read carefully. Think about any answers that are totally unfamiliar to you - they might be the wrong ones. Also think about any answers where the grammar doesn't match that of the question for the same reason. In "All of the Above" questions, if you know that even two of the choices are correct, then "all of the above" is probably the right answer. If two of the answers seem to be exact opposites, then one of the might be the correct answer. Watch for questions that state "everything EXCEPT this is true" - in this case, they are asking you to find one false statement in a set of true ones - check out the True/False tips for more hints with this one!
• True/False - in order to be marked true, every single part of the sentence must be true - if you find even one false part, then the answer is false. If a sentence has some sort of negative, like "Reading is not one of the three basic types of learning," then drop the negative part and decide if the sentence would be true without it - if "Reading is one of the three basic types of learning" is true, then the sentence with the negative is a false sentence. Watch for modifying words like "most," "many," or "sometimes" - these words might make a false statement into a true one, such as changing "All dogs live in families with children" to "Many dogs live in families with children."
• Word Problems - read through the question first to be sure you understand exactly what is being asked. Underline anything that seems to be information you will need for the problem. Jot down all the numbers, symbols, whatever that you have found. There should now be a clear mathematical formula or pathway for you - if you can't see what is needed, skip the question and come back to it later.

After the Test: don't just jump up and leave, or put your head on your desk for a nap!

• Read over any questions you had trouble with, and try them again
• Check your spelling and grammar
• Double-check your math
• If there is time, read over all of your answers - but only change one if you are absolutely positive that you made a mistake the first time!

Post-Test Follow-Up: once you have your grade, go over the test to see where you did well and where you did poorly. Keep your old test papers to help you study. If you have trouble with a particular kind of test, practice those sorts of questions in between your regular tests. Here are some online related links to help!
The Index Card Study Method:
(click on the related link for more)

• Review your notes and readings often, so the material is "fresh"in your mind
• As read your book or notes, write down questions about the material you have read. 
  Write down a "What does this term mean?" question any time you see a word or phrase in bold print in your book. Write down any question you remember the teacher asking in class. Write questions you think you would ask if you were teaching this section. 
• Write each question or term on one side of an index card.
• On the other side of each card, write an answer or an explanation for the question or term. 
  Put the answer or explanation in your own words whenever possible. Make the answer short enough for you to memorize without skipping any important information. If you have trouble deciding what is important, ask your teacher or someone who is making good grades to help you out. 
• Shuffle the index cards 
  (so you can't memorize any of the answers just because of where they are in the deck ) 
• Look at the card on the top of the deck:
  Try to answer the question or explain the termwithout looking. You can do this silently in your own head, or you can "quiz" yourself out loud if you like. If you know the answer, tell yourself "Good!" and put that card on the bottom of the deck. 
  If you don't know the answer, turn the card over and read it. Put this card in the middle of the deck so that you will read it again soon.

Keep going through the deck of cards until you know all of the information!

Some Tips:

• Carry your cards with you everywhere.
  Use every little bit of time. Test yourself while you're waiting in a line, riding in a bus or car, etc. Quiz your friends, too! 
• You will be sure that you really know the material if you can put it into your own words and explain it to someone else!
• Try quizzing yourself someplace where nobody can interrupt you.

Here is some more advice from WikiAnswers contributors.

• The best way to study for exams is by finding a quiet environment. Reading the material (that you need to study) out loud helps also.
• The best way to study is to complete assignments and readings throughout the semester, not try to "cram" for exams. Here are some tips: Take notes in class. Studies show that writing activates more memory centers than listening alone. After class, review the notes and/or rewrite them within 24 hours if possible. Complete any assigned readings and exercises. Arrive at class early and review last week's notes. Several weeks before the exam, schedule extra hours of study time. Divide the material into sections, and complete one section each week. Many people find reading notes out loud, or recopying them, effective. Try to think up questions about the material, or use practice tests online or in your text. Have a friend or relative quiz you on the material. Once you are sure you know a certain section of the material, cross it off your notes and continue to study your weaker areas.
• Be sure to get at least 8 hours of sleep the night before the test, and eat a balanced, high-protein meal. I know it sounds like a lot of work, but teenagers need 10-12 hours of sleep in order to be really alert, and a high-protein meal will last longer than a carbohydrate one.
• You can get a good night sleep, and eat a good breakfast.
• Study skills: READ over all of your notes and material. MAYBE get someone to Quiz you Look on the NET for online tests and worksheets, or for a review of the skills
• Try to visualize what you are reading (stories, characters, etc.) and try to associate numbers with figures, objects, etc.
• Make quizes and tests for yourself. Read over your material and pretend you are the teacher - what questions would you ask on the test? If you do this right, often you will find questions you made very similar to actual test questions.
• Studying always helps, instead of cramming in a surplus of infomation in one night or a period before the big test. Just make sure you get a lot of sleep before the test. Make goals and if you can meet them, reward yourself for the hard work. When your sitting for the test, just take a few deep breaths to calm yourself down.
• Sleep is always important, but sleeping is like studying. You need to do both consistently, without tipping the balance one way or the other. This is extremely difficult because most of us have a strong inclination to sleep rather than study. If you have been sleeping through class, consider large amounts of study rather than catching up on sleep. Likewise, if you've been studying consistently, you will benefit much more from sleeping than studying. Go into the test with a clear mind, and it will be much easier.
• Do research with a friend and then have them quiz you I suggest you quiz them too because you will find You learn alot faster from teaching things to other people
• You could try writing up the things you have to learn on post-it notes and sticking them up around your room, once you know it you can take it down
• You should first study for how long you feel comfortable (lets say, 1 to 2 hrs.), then take a break. Maybe walk in the park, or sleep for about two hours. After that quiz yourself on the subject. If you don't know all the questions study for about a hour. Then, if you feel like you know a lot about the subject, quiz yourself again.

It helps to pray before each paper.
get your act together its never too late , wash your face shower just freshin up get all your points down understand them biology is never about memorizing just know whats going and you will be fine
== Study every morning and afternoon. ==